3 Hints given by BNM (16 May 2011)

Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) hiked the OPR by 25bps to 3% on 5 May as what some analysts said "Surprising". The OPR hike was a pre-emptive strike on inflation pressures as the output gap closes. Many analysts are expecting hikes to resume only in July as inflation remains largely supply side driven. However, BNM seems to act before demand pull pressures dominate and before the output gap turns positive. In our view, the OPR and SRR hike is indicating two things here.

Hints #1

Inflation is going to threaten the Malaysian economy in the near-term (at least). Recent increase in prices of petrol and sugar will further accelerate the numbers. With ongoing efforts by Government to reduce the subsidies, inflation numbers for sure will gone up.

Citi Research: Regional Policy Rates as at 10th May 2011

Hints #2

Related to inflation also, BNM is trying to reduce the increasing food and resources prices. If we can reduce the import price, by having a stronger currency, this would be a wise move. So, BNM is trying hard to cramp down our money spent on these import items. Not by reducing the quantity of imports, Malaysia are buying at a cheaper price. How to that? Of course, by raising the OPR rates, which will lead to a stronger currency RM.

Citi: Regional Currency Performances as at 10th May 2011

Hints #3

Maybe, BNM foresees that Malaysia economy is going to face some real challenges (Asian financial crisis?). If the situation really turns bad in a year or two, how are we going to reduce the rate to spur economy given the current low rates? We must have room for BNM to decrease the rate by that time. That's why BNM so pro-active now?

Extractions from BNM monetary policy statement

As expected, Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) decided to maintain the Overnight Policy Rate (OPR) at 2.75% yesterday. This was the 3rd time in a row that BNM left it unchanged. Are there any hints by BNM on Malaysia's economy this year? We can explore the "hidden messages" from the monetary policy statement as below:

Regional Front:

• While advanced economies continue to register modest growth, most emerging economies have experienced strong growth.
• For Asian region, domestic economic activity continues to support the growth momentum amid weaker external demand.
• Shifts in global liquidity have resulted in significant capital flows into the emerging economies, in particular, Asian region, and have brought with it risks to macroeconomic and financial stability.
• The region is also being affected by global inflationary pressure arising from the higher commodity and food prices.

On Malaysia:

• Recent indicators point towards a sustained expansion in private sector activity.
• External demand, however, was affected by the slower global growth.
• Malaysian economy is expected to grow at a steady pace in 2011, underpinned by continue firm expansion in domestic demand.
• Private consumption will be supported by sustained employment and income growth.
• Private investment activity will be supported by domestic-oriented sectors and the expansion of new growth industries.

 On Inflation:

• Domestic headline inflation rose towards the end of 2010 albeit remained low at 2.2%.
• The increased was mainly on account of higher food and energy prices.
• Prices are expected to increase at a modest pace in the coming months, driven primarily by rising global commodity and food prices.
• The assessment is that inflation will continue to be driven by supply factors with limited evidence of excess demand exerting pressure on prices.

BNM Conclusions:

• BNM considers the current monetary policy stance as appropriate and consistent with current assessment of the economic growth and inflation prospects.
• The stance continues to remain accommodative and supportive of economic growth.
• Going forward, additional policy tools such as the statutory reserve requirement (SRR) and macro-prudential lending measures may be considered to avoid the risks of macroeconomic and financial imbalances.

Finance Malaysia view:

• We expected inflation to rise at a faster pace in 2011
• BNM to continue hiking interest rate in second-half 2011
• OPR potentially be raised by 50-75 basis points to 3.25-3.50%
• Bank's loan growth will slow if SRR was raised

Source: BNM website

For full BNM monetary policy statement, click here.


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Why China raise interest rate? And, what's the effect?

Yesterday, China surprisingly raised its interest rate by 0.25% as follows:

- 1 year lending rate from 5.31% to 5.56%

- 1 year deposit rate from 2.25% to 2.50%

Why China raise interest rate?

1. To cool down the over-heating property sector.

2. Combat inflation

3. Low liquidity in the banking system

While inflation was hovering around 3.5% currently, even though the deposit rate has been raised, the net real interest rate is still in negative territory (3.5% - 2.5% = -1.0%). This is one of the main reason why Chinese were going all out to invests, especially in real-estate, due to its low yield if sitting in the bank (even lower than Malaysia).

However, China would be facing another problem...

Raising interest rate would attract capital inflows, which could dampen the purpose of containing inflation. Foreign investors view Chinese renmimbi as undervalue, mainly due to interventions by Chinese government. The latest news could ignite a fresh round of thoughts, worsening the current situation, pushing renmimbi higher and faster.

In fact, China should target it's main problem specifically - real estate. Inflation there is mainly caused by high flying properties prices. Hence, measure such as property gain tax should be introduced first, before raising interest rate, to avoid further attracting inflow of hot-money.

Affecting Malaysia?

Given that China is one of the largest trade partner with us, Malaysia could see a surge in capital inflow also. In fact, the whole region will experience the same fate of stronger currency, making our export to western countries more expensive. Anyway, I believe that we can offset the negative effect with China being the largest commodities / resources consumer, which supplied by Asian countries.